Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.1
Comparison of root-associated fungal species in
Senecioa glaucus
plants growing in
oil polluted and non-polluted areas
Fungi in petroleum polluted area
Fungi in non-polluted area
Alternaria, Fusarium acuminatum, F. equisetti,
F. reticulatum, Penicillinium, Rhizoctonia
Alternaria, Penicillinium, Rhizoctonia
Table 12.2
Growth behavior of isolated fungi in the PDA media containing different concentra-
tions of crude oil (Data expressed as diameter of colony—mm)
Experimetal
groups
microorganism
Non-contaminated
1 % oil
4 % oil
10 % oil
(control)
Alternaria
49 ± 6
*28 ± 8
*18 ± 6
*14 ± 4
Fusarium
acuminatum
34 ± 5
42 ± 10.3
50 ± 10
48 ± 12
F. equiseti
12 ± 2
*46 ± 4
*63 ± 4
*85 ± 8
F. reticulatum
33 ± 9
45 ± 6
61 ± 7
55 ± 5
Penicillinium
40 ± 5
30 ± 4
24 ± 4
11 ± 2
Rhizoctonia
88 ± 1.2
*67 ± 9
*42 ± 3
*18 ± 5
Each value represents the mean ± SE of 3-5 samples
* Data significantly different from the control (
p
≤ 0.05)
3 Results
The root-associated fungi were collected from
S. glaucus
, isolated and identified by
morphological characters and taxonomical keys (Table
12.1
). The results of identi-
fication of plants root associated fungi showed the presence of six fungal species in
the roots of the plant in oil-polluted soils namely;
Alternaria sp., Fusarium acumi-
natum, F. equisetti, F. reticulatum, Penicillinium sp., Rhizoctonia sp.,
but three of
them
Alternaria
sp
., Penicillinium
sp
., Rhizoctonia
sp. were found to be associated
with the roots of the plant in non-polluted soils as well. The plant species used here
had different fungal species as its root-associated fungi in the polluted and non-
polluted areas (Table
12.1
).
The growth activity of the isolated fungal strains was carried out under differ-
ent concentrations of crude oil and was expressed as the diameter of the colony
(Table
12.2
). The results showed that all studied fungi were resistant to petroleum
pollution and they made sufficient colonies in 1 % crude oil concentration; mean-
while, only some of them continue their growth activity at 10 % petroleum pol-
lution. Among the fungi determined here,
Fusarium equiseti, F. reticulatum
and
F.cuminatum
had the highest resistance to crude oil pollution (with 48 and 55 mm
diameter of colonies) and
Penicillinium sp.
was the most sensitive one (with 11 mm
diameter of colony) in the 10 % crude oil polluted PDA.
S. glaucus
was chosen as a resistant plant to crude oil pollution for this study
because it is a common plant in the polluted area and grows successfully on polluted
soils. It is a perennial herb which can propagate by means of seeds and underground
gemma. After 3 months bioremediation using seed growing plants and their root-
