Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.1
The biological system of the elements (
BSE
) compiled from data on correlation analysis,
physiological functions of the individual elements in the living organisms, development out of the
inorganic environment, and with respect to their uptake form by the plant organism as a neutral
molecule or charged ion. The elements H and Na exercise various functions in the biological
system so that they are not conclusively fixed. The ringed elements can at present only be summa-
rized as groups of elements with a similar physiological function since there is a lack of correlation
data or else these data are too imprecise (Markert
1996
)
Herzig et al.
1990
; IAEA
2001
; Jeran et al.
1993
; Loppi and Bonini
2000
; Fomin
et al.
2003
; Markert et al.
2003a
; Markert
2007
; Wünschmann
2007
; Figueiredo
et al.
2007
; Mohr
2007
; Wuenschmann et al.
2008
; De Bruyn et al.
2009
).
2
Definitions of the Terms Bioindicatiors
and Biomonitors
The use of living or formerly living organisms in biotests, bioindication and bio-
monitoring is an established method of determining inorganic and organic contami-
nants.
In the following section some definitions summarized in (Markert et al.
1997
,
2003a
) are given:
A bioindicator is an organism (or part of an organism or a community of or-
ganisms) that contains information on the quality of the environment (or a part of
