Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
printing,zigzagtheirshadowwaysintotheEU,usemigrantcampsasastopoverontheir
way to the next station. In short, they constantly multiply and construct new liminal be-
comings (Papadopoulos et al. 2008). As a result, with the tightening of legal entry into
the EU, the EU is only expanding the “illegal” escape routes and entries into the EU.
The EU started as a means to an end, no more war between states through the con-
struction of a framework of reciprocity, a union, in which states would be included as
muchaspossible. Nowthemeans oftheUnionhasbecome theenditself. Usinganana-
lytical framework of bordering, ordering, and othering in studying the external border
production of the EU, we can ascertain that we are currently witnessing the making of
a new border ideology, a new borderology in the EU. The absence of a global union,
a striking global political void, has provided a constant invitation to an extra-territorial
bargain-by-forcebytheEU(Bauman2002b).TheEUconsciouslyrecodes,narrates,and
canonises a common past; creates an exclusionary military external front; and buys the
imagined security of these external borders by developing an imperial development aid
that is based on “European values” for its neighbouring states (see also Balibar 2004a,
2004b). It seems that the EU has become a global borderland, indeed.
Acknowledgements
I wish to thank James Scott, Roald Plug, Freerk Boedeltje, Roos Pijpers, Olivier Kram-
sch, Thomas Geisen, Virginie Mamadouh, Chiara Brambilla, Giuseppe Sciortino, Ellie
Vasta, and Olga Lafazani for their helpful suggestions, collaborative reflections, or re-
views of earlier versions of this paper. I wish to thank participants of the NORFACE-
funded seminar on global borders at Royal Holloway organised by Chris Rumford, as
well as the participants of the border seminar at the University of Bergamo coorganised
by Chiara Brambilla for interesting comments and discussions on older versions of this
paper. Needless to say, I am responsible for any errors made in the text.
Notes
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bot-
swana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Chad, China,
Colombia, Comoro Islands, Congo, Congo (Democratic Republic), Coote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican (Republic), East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia-Montenegro), Fiji, Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Maur-
itania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia,
Nauru,Nepal,Niger,Nigeria,NorthKorea,NorthernMarianas,Oman,Pakistan,Palau,Palestinian
