Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.1
DNA/RNA assays
Assays
Applications
References
Quantitative
real-time
PCR
Gene expression analysis
Livak and Schmittgen, 2001;
Bustin, 2002
DNA copy number
determination
Konigshoff
et al.
, 2003
SNP genotyping
Mhlanga and Malmberg,
2001
DNA damage assessment
Harbottle
et al.
, 2010
Microarray output verifi cation
Chuaqui
et al.
, 2002
Multiplex
PCR
Multiple target gene analysis
in a single reaction
Markoulatos
et al.
, 2002
PCR array
Pathway focused-multiple
target gene analysis in a 96-
or 384-well format
SABiosciences, 2010, Chen
et al.
, 2009
Table 4.2
Scaffold physical homogenization/membrane disruption methods
Method
Tissue/cell types
Instruments
Sources
Mechanical
Soft tissues and
scaffolds
Warrington
blender
Katterman
and
Shattuck,
1983
Dense, mineralized
tissues and
scaffolds
Cryo-impact mill
Loreille
et al.
,
2007
Liquid
homogenization
Small volumes, cell
suspensions
Potter
homogenizer
Miyamae
et al
.,
1998
Small volumes, cell
suspensions, less
dense scaffolds
(hydrogels, etc.)
Dounce
homogenizer
Powell and
Z˙Òiga,
1983
Sonication
Small volumes,
rapid
homogenization
Sonicator
Heller
et al.
,
1992
Freeze/thaw cycles
Mammalian cells/
tissues, collagen
and hydrophilic
scaffolds, time
consuming
N/A
Mortar and pestle
Frozen, hard, and
brittle scaffolds
and tissues
Mortar and pestle/
hammer
Strauss
