Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Figure 9.1
. Japanese Dependence on Foreign Energy Supplies
Source
: FEPC. 2013.
Electricity Review Japan: 2013
. Tokyo, Japan: he Federation of Electric Power Companies
of Japan.
100%
2%
90%
12%
14%
80%
11%
17%
Other renewables
Biomass and waste
Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Oil
Coal
70%
60%
77%
50%
43%
56%
40%
30%
20%
23%
10%
17%
15%
0%
1973
1990
2008
Figure 9.2
. Japan's Transition Away from Oil for Primary Energy Supply
Source
: World Energy Outlook 2007 and 2010, International Energy Agency.
the ability to link the national electricity grid to neighboring countries in
order to improve stability and resilience.
Prior to the two oil shocks in the 1970s, oil was the dominant energy resource
in Japan. As Figure 9.2 illustrates, in 1973 oil accounted for 77% of the nation's
total primary energy consumption. Although all nations sufered from high oil
