Sustainable Design and Social Responsibility - Sustainable Design: The Science of Sustainability and Green Engineering - page 213

Table 5.1 Functions That Must Be Integrated into an Engineering Design

1. Baseline studies of natural and built environments
2. Analyses of project alternatives
3. Feasibility studies
4. Environmental impact studies
5. Assistance in project planning, approval, and financing
6. Design and development of systems, processes, and products
7. Design and development of construction plans
8. Project management
9. Construction supervision and testing
10. Process design
11. Startup operations and training
12. Assistance in operations
13. Management consulting
14. Environmental monitoring
15. Decommissioning of facilities
16. Restoration of sites for other uses
17. Resource management
18. Measuring progress for sustainable development

Source : American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
http://www.professionalpractice.asme.org/communications/sustainability/2.htm, accessed May 23, 2006.

STP sludge sorption : the percentage of how much of the chemical will
adsorb to the sludge in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This can be
important when the sludge is disposed in a landfill or is agriculturally land
applied. A sorption value of 0 to 10% is ideal so that the chemical doesn't
get recycled back to the environment; 90 to 100% sorption to sludge solids
makes disposal difficult.
STP air removal : the percentage of the chemical that is removed to the air
from WWT. A value of 0 to 10% is ideal so that little extra air treatment is
needed; 90 to 100% air removal requires significant air treatment.

Aquatic Toxicity (green algae) (ppm): the chemical's toxicity to green algae. A
toxic effect on algae can disrupt the entire food chain of an ecosystem. Tox-
icity is measured on a concentration scale. A low toxicity would be at high
concentrations ( 100 ppm). A high toxicity would be at concentrations on

the ppb or ppt scale.

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Aquatic toxicity (fish) (ppm): the toxicity of the chemical to a specific fish
species. For example, in the Pacific Northwest, a chemical that is toxic to