Transitions - Sustainable Design: The Science of Sustainability and Green Engineering - page 138

Table 3.7 Conservative Estimates of Heavy Metals and Metalloids Partitioning to Flue Gas as a
Function of Solids Temperature and Chlorine Content (Percent) a

871 ◦ C 1093 ◦ C

Metal or Metalloid Cl = 0% Cl = 1% Cl = 0% Cl = 1%

Antimony 100 100 100 100

Arsenic 100 100 100 100

Barium 50 30 100 100

Beryllium 5 5 5 5

Cadmium 100 100 100 100

Chromium 5 5 5 5

Lead 100 100 100 100

Mercury 100 100 100 100

Silver 8 100 100 100

Thallium 100 100 100 100

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guidance on Setting Permit Conditions and Reporting Trial Burn
Results , Vol. II, Hazardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series , EPA/625/6-89/019. U.S., EPA, EPA,
Washington, DC; 1989.
a The remaining percentage of metal is contained in the bottom ash. Partitioning for liquids is estimated at
100% for all metals. The combustion gas temperature is expected to be 100 to 1000 ◦ F higher than the solids
temperature.

Table 3.8 Metal and Metalloid Volatilization Temperatures

Without Chlorine With 10% Chlorine

Metal or Volatility Principal Volatility Principal

Metalloid Temperature ( ◦ C) Species Temperature ( ◦ C) Species

Chromium 1613 CrO 2 /CrO 3 1611 CrO 2 /CrO 3

Nickel 1210 Ni (OH) 2 693 NiCl 2

Beryllium 1054 Be (OH) 2 1054 Be (OH) 2

Silver 904 Ag 627 AgCl

Barium 841 Ba (OH) 2 904 BaCl 2

Thallium 721 Tl 2 O 3 138 TIOH

Antimony 660 Sb 2 O 3 660 Sb 2 O 3

Lead 627 Pb − 15 PbCl 4

Selenium 318 SeO 2 318 SeO 2

Cadmium 214 Cd 214 Cd

Arsenic 32 As 2 O 3 32 As 2 O 3

Mercury 14 Hg 14 Hg

Source : B. Willis, M. Howie, and R. Williams, Public Health Reviews of Hazardous Waste Thermal Treatment
Technologies: A Guidance Manual for Public Health Assessors . Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Washington, DC, 2002.