Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Record of
decision
(ROD)
Remedial
design/remedial
action (RD/RA)
Remedial investigation/field study
(RI/FS)
Identification
of alternatives
Selection of
remedies
Site
characterization
& technology
screening
Scoring
the
RI/FS
Evaluation of
alternatives
Implementation
of remedy
Literature
screening &
treatability
scoping
studies
Remedy screening
to determine
technology
feasibility
Remedy selection to
develop performance
and cost data and
Remedy design to
develop scale-up,
design, and detailed cost
information
data
Figure B3.2 Steps in a contaminated site cleanup, as mandated by Superfund.
From U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Guide for conducting treatability studies under CERCLA: thermal
desorption,” EPA/540/R-92/074 B. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, 1992.
The investigation at this point should include all past and present owners and
operators. Any decisions regarding de minimus interests will be made at a later
time (by government agencies and attorneys). Early in the process, one should
be searching for every potentially responsible party. A particularly important
part of this review is to document all sales of the property or any parts of the
property. Also, all commercial, manufacturing, and transportation concerns
should be known, as these may indicate the types of wastes that have been
generated or handled at the site. Even an interest of short duration can be very
important if this interest produced highly persistent and toxic substances that
may still be on-site or that may have migrated off-site. The investigation should
also determine whether any attempts were made to dispose of wastes from
operations, either on-site or, through manifest reports, whether any wastes
were shipped off-site. A detailed account should be given of all waste reporting,
including air emission and water discharge permits, and voluntary audits that
include tests such as the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP),
and these results compared to benchmark levels, especially to determine if any
of the concentrations of contaminants exceed the U.S. EPA hazardous waste
 
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