Geology Reference
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(A)
Synthetic Liner
(B)
Containment Basin
Permafrost
Seasonally thawed
Coarse aggregate (fill)
Air circulation
Figure 14.5. Schematic diagrams to illustrate passive cooling techniques that utilize free convec-
tion of air. (A) Convective embankment used for road and railway applications. (B) Convectively-
cooled containment dyke used for dams and tailings ponds.
(A)
(B)
Figure 14.6. Application of thermosyphons in northern Canada. (A) Thermosyphon design used
in Yellowknife. The device operates when the air temperature is colder than the ground temperature
(usually in winter). (B) Thermosyphons installed atop an earthen dam, BHP Ekati Diamond Mine,
Lac de Gras, NWT, approximately 300 km northeast of Yellowknife. The transfer of heat away from
the central core of the dam allows it to remain in a frozen state. As a result, the rock-rubble dam
is both impermeable to seepage through the dam and resistant to thaw effects from unfrozen water
in the containment pond.
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