Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Magneto-
stratigraphy
Estimated
mean summer
temperature
Oxygen-
isotope
stage (OIS)
European stratigraphic period
U.K. (E. Anglia) Stratigraphy
Age
(Ma)
5°
10°
20°C
0
0
Chronostra-
tigraphy
Cold periods
The Netherlands
Bavaria
Warm periods
Late
Pleistocene
Weichselian Cold Stage
Eemian Warm Stage
Saalian Cold Stage
Würmian Cold Stage
Riss/Würm Warm Stage
Devensian Cold Stage
Riss Complex
Mindel/Riss Warm Stage
Brunhes
epoch
Ipswichian ilg
Wolstonian Cold Stage
Holsteinian Warm Stage
Elsterian Cold Stage
Hoxnian ilg
Anglian Cold Stage
Mindel Complex
19
Cromerian C Cold Stage
0.78
Cromerian ilg
Cromerian B Cold Stage
Cromerian A Cold Stage
Cromerian Cold Stage?
0.9
1.0
31
Günz Complex
Beestonian Cold Stage?
Dorst Cold Stage
Linge Cold Stage
Menapian Cold Stage
Matuyama
epoch
Baventian Cold Stage?
?
?
Waalian B Cold Stage
64
1.7
71
1.9
Eburonian Cold Stage
Tertiary
Tiglian B Cold Stage
Praetiglian Cold Stage
2.6
104
Gauss
epoch
Tertiary
Figure 11.2.
Generalized mean summer temperature for the Quaternary together with the paleomagnetic time scale, associated oxygen-isotope
stages, and the European stratigraphic record with the occurrence of major cold-climate events and their nomenclature. Both possible Quater-
nary/Tertiary boundaries are indicated by arrows. Modifi ed from West (1977), Ehlers (1996, table 12).
