Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.5.
The magnitude of sediment transport in periglacial environments. (A) Some
selected values of total sediment yield from periglacial catchments. (B) Typical volumes of
suspended and solute sediment transport in periglacial catchments. (C) Dissolved organic carbon
transport for major periglacial and non-periglacial rivers of the world.
A. Total sediment yield: (tonnes km
−2
a
−1
)
Sweden
0.8-4.7
Yenesei and Ob rivers, Russia
5.0-7.0
Colville River, Alaska
80-85
Baffi n rivers, Canada
29-114
B. Suspended sediment transport (tonnes km
−2
a
−1
)
(i) Suspended transport:
Mackenzie/Yukon (catchments
<
10 000 km
−2
)
0.2-11.5 t/km
2
/year
Mackenzie/Yukon (catchments
>
10 000 km
−2
)
36-126 t/km
2
/year
Yukon coast
5-300 mg/1
Finnish Lapland
Typically 5-50 mg/1
Hoffellsjökull, Iceland
Mean 1337 mg/1 (glacier-fed);
Ellesmere Island
776 mg/1 (non-glacial)
17.3 -51.9 t /km
2
/year
(ii) Solute transport:
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Baffi n Island
5-50
Fosheim, Ellesmere Island
1.8-4.7
Swedish Lapland
CaCO 25-55
Queen Elizabeth Islands
30-50 increasing to 70-100
Devon Island
CaCO peaked at 102
Banks Island slope plots
44-252
Hoffellsjökull, Iceland
Mean 271 (glacier-fed); 52 (non-glacial)
C. Dissolved organic carbon:
River
Discharge
Area
Runoff
Concentration
(km
3
/year)
(10
3
km
2
)
(t/km
2
/year)
(mm/year)
Range (mg/1)
Periglacial:
Yukon
210
840
250
3.0
Mackenzie
249
1810
138
3-6
0.7
Lena
533
2430
219
2.1
Ob
419
2550
164
1.5
Yenesei
562
2580
218
1.6
Non-periglacial:
Amazon
5520
6300
876
3-5
3.2
Orinoco
1135
950
996
2-5
6.1
Mississippi
439
3267
154
2-8
1.1
Ganges
366
975
375
1-9
1.7
Niger
152
1125
171
2-6
0.5
Yangse-Kiang
883
1950
453
5-23
6.1
Sources: Clark (1988), Goudie (1995, p. 60), Lewkowicz and Wolfe (1994).
