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shows us one important feature of Big data. Each piece only represents an instance
of a certain state. Of course, higher sampling rates produce more correct data. How-
ever, the real world is a continuous place. Unless the data are continuous, many
things cannot be discovered, like the example of a CD's music.
Other issues include which axis to interpolate. In the example of a CD's, music,
we can interpolate the time axis by a digital/analogue converter. Depending on the
information provided by the data, we do not know which interpolation uses place
information or which uses the temperature of air/water information.
Finally, even though computer science researchers have researched approxima-
tion method from discrete to continuous values, they have never researched the se-
lection or the creation of appropriate axes for continuous discovery. This is a critical
theme of Big data analytics.
On the other aspects, we have very variety of sensors in the real world because
of spreading mobile terminals and accurate low price sensor. Such sensors will con-
tinue increasing in number from now on also. Can we design a schema such as
situation? It is impossible. Therefore, a system has to various data on non-schema.
In addition, the system has to integrate these heterogeneous data.
Finally, most sensor data are fragmented. A web page is one of the data in the
cyber world. We enjoyed these data as contents. Such data are becoming the past
things. Current data are more fragments. For example, each tweet on twitter con-
sists of short sentences or words; sensor data consists of a numerical value; etc.
This means we cannot enjoy one data as contents. Therefore, we have to shift the
paradigm of search engine. Currently, most search engines provide a list of data
Cyber world
discrete value and
continuous value
Providing optimization
results in the Real world
Sensor world
discrete value
Sampling real world
by sensors
Real world
continuous value
Fig. 1
Relationship between real world and cyber world. Sensors aggregate real world situa-
tion as discrete data. However real world is continuous. In order to correctly analyze in cyber
world, a system has to be analyzed by using continuous value.
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