Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 9
Production of Olfactory Receptors
and Nanovesicles Using Heterologous
Cell Systems for Bioelectronic Nose
Hyun Seok Song and Tai Hyun Park
Abstract
Olfactory receptors, belonging to a family of G protein-coupled recep-
tors (GPCRs), which are involved in various important physiological processes,
are integral membrane proteins composed of seven transmembrane helices. It is
difficult to produce GPCRs including olfactory receptors (ORs) using heterologous
cell systems, because of their strong hydrophobicity, and complicated structure. The
production of ORs should be a critical process for the development of an olfactory
receptor-based bioelectronic nose. Significant efforts have been made for the pro-
duction of ORs for the utilization as recognition elements of bioelectronic noses,
and also for other applications. In addition, the construction method of mammalian
cell-derived nanovesicles containing ORs has been demonstrated and applied for
an bioelectronic nose, due to their unique properties, and suitable size for integra-
tion with a nanosensor platform. In this chapter, advances in the production of ORs
and nanovesicles using various heterologous cell systems for the development of a
bioelectronic nose are described.
9.1
Production of Olfactory Receptors Using
Heterologous Cell Systems
Olfactory receptors (ORs) belonging to the GPCR family recognize a number of
odorous compounds with high selectivity, and trigger the signal transduction in ol-
factory neurons [
1
,
2
]. These receptors are composed of 7 transmembrane spanning
domains, and have strong hydrophobicity and complicated structures. Chemical
determination and odorous coding can be accomplished by different types of recep-
tors, expressed in olfactory neurons [
3
,
4
]. Because of their specificity for odorous
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