Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
h e spread of the AIS and its interaction in the new environment may lead to
adverse impacts on environmental, economic, social, and other values (Fig. 14.1a,
Stage 4). Approaches for managing this invasion process fall into two broad cat-
egories: 'pre-border' management, which aims to prevent the arrival of new species
during the transports stages (Stage 1); and 'post-border' management aimed at the
eradication and control of the new species (Stages 2 and 3; Fig. 14.1b).
(a) Invasion process
(b) Management options
(c) Management tools
Vector management (e.g. hull-fouling,
mid-ocean ballast exchange)
Stage 1
ENTRAINMENT AND
TRANSLOCATION
Entrainment and
transportation of a species
outside its naturally
occurring range
Stage 1
PREVENTION
Stopping the arrival of new
species into new sites or
regions
Risk analysis of high risk pathways
and target speices
Baseline surveys of high risk
recipient environments
(e.g. ports and harbours) to determine
initial community structure
Stage 2
ESTABLISHMENT
Establishment of a viable
population within a new
location/region
Stage 2 and 3
EARLY DETECTION
Quickly detect new
species arrivals
Regular surveillance and monitoring
for new species
RAPID RESPONSE
Risk analysis to determine and
prioritize the most cost-effective
treatment options
Implement management
strategies quickly and
effectively
Identify, develop, and use the
most appropriate incursion response
tool(s) for various situations/species
ERADICATION
Complete removal of the
species
CONTROL AND
CONTAINMENT
Control the spread of the
species or control
population density should
eradication fail
Manage internal borders
Stage 3
SPREAD
Spread of the species
away from the initial area
of introduction
Develop contingency plan(s)
in the event stage 2-3 eradication
and control fails
Stage 4
IMPACTS
Species defined as a pest—
having detrimental
impacts on environmental,
socio-economic and other
values
Stage 4
PROTECTION OF
VALUES
Identify and protect key
stakeholder values if Stage
2-3 control fails
Consult with stakeholders
Identify key values likely to
be affected, and implement
strategies for protection
Risk analysis of control options
Identify, develop, and use the
most appropriate incursion response
tool(s) for various situations/species
Fig. 14.1 Conceptual diagram outlining (a) the stages contributing to a
successful biological invasion; (b) the pre- and post-border approaches for
managing the invasion process; and (c) the management tools available.
 
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