Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the intentional introduction and transfer of marine (including brackish) organ-
isms, including the risks associated with ornamental trade and bait organisms,
research and import of life species for immediate consumption, and also includes
biocontrol agents. h e ICES views the Code of Practice as a guide to recommenda-
tions and procedures. As with all Codes, the current Code has evolved with experi-
ence and with changing technological developments (ICES 2005).
While initially designed for the ICES Member Countries, concerned with the
North Atlantic and adjacent seas, all countries around the globe have been encour-
aged by ICES Members and other international instruments (e.g. CBD) to imple-
ment the Code of Practice. h e Code has become a recognized instrument and has
been applied in the evaluation process for several species introductions, both in
ICES Member Countries and outside the ICES area (Hewitt
et al
.
2006).
Regional Seas Programme
Many agreements and action plans that were developed under the UNEP Regional
Seas Programme include provisions on alien species. Binding requirements are
laid down by four protected area protocols, concluded for the Mediterranean, the
wider Caribbean area, the southeast Pacifi c, and eastern African region (Shine
et al
. 2005). In the case of the Mediterranean, an action plan has also been adopted
concerning introductions of species and invasive species. Its main objectives are
to promote the development of coordinated measures and efforts throughout
the Mediterranean region in order to prevent, control, and monitor the effects of
species introduction (UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA 2005).
Details on other regional agreements that include provisions on (invasive) alien
species, such as (but not limited to) the following, can be found in Shine
et al
.
(2000).
•
The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources.
The Agreement for the Preparation of a Tri-partite Environmental
•
Management Programme for Lake Victoria.
The Convention for the Establishment of the Lake Victoria Fisheries
•
Organization.
The Environmental Protocol under the Antarctic Treaty.
•
•
The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural
Habitats (Bern Convention).
The Convention on Fishing in the Danube.
•
•
The Convention of Conservation of Nature in the South Pacifi c.
•
The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Convention on the
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
