Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
in poor environmental condition to take part, as they are being judged against
those in similar circumstances (Andrianandrasana
et al
. 2005).
Putting the components of a management plan in place requires an understanding
of the system from the biological, social, political and economic angles, and of the
reasons why management is required (Figure 6.12). This understanding will differ
between stakeholders—local people may have a very different perception of both
system dynamics and what the issues are to that of external researchers. The next
step, then, is to build consensus between stakeholders through consultation, such
that a workable solution can be proposed and a concrete plan of action developed.
This solution is likely to combine aspects of several of the management approaches
discussed above. After this, the management plan can be implemented, which is
then followed by a continuous process of learning, adaptation and consultation.
The actual management solutions that fall out of this process will be site-specific.
Box 6.9 gives a couple of hypothetical examples.
Both the examples in Box 6.9 are relatively straightforward, at least in theory.
The species are sedentary and the threats are local and controllable, unlike those
affecting many other species—for example the Siberian tiger, which is widely
dispersed at low density in remote areas where hunting is hard to police; polar
bears, threatened by global warming; or the diffuse and informal bushmeat trade.
The system is a manageable size—a national park or a village hunting catchment,
and there is a distinct community that can buy into the management plan. In the
first case the harvesting is already organised with an established commercial
market, such that there is the prospect that a properly managed harvest could be
System
attributes
Stakeholder
consultations
Solution
proposed
Implementation
Issue of
concern
Monitoring
& learning
Fig. 6.12
Schematic representation of the development and implementation of a
management plan. This is the basis for adaptive management, discussed further in
chapter 7.
