Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.10
Bee-keeping enterprise, Kyrgyzstan. Photo © Juan Pablo
Moreiras/Fauna & Flora International.
6.4.3.1 Tourism
Tourism is a form of direct but
non-consumptive use
of natural resources that
can move people away from harvesting. It can be a useful method of bringing
income into communities that is directly linked to the continued presence of
charismatic species or ecosystems. Much has been written on the principles and
practice of tourism as a conservation tool, mostly based around the concept of
ecotourism. However, Kiss (2004) sounds a cautionary note about whether
small-scale community-based ecotourism is a good solution to conservation
problems, having many of the same issues as other methods of promoting
alternative livelihoods. Another approach is to target the high-end luxury
tourism market (Box 6.8).
Latacz-Lohmann and Schilizzi (2005) have carried out a useful review of lessons
from the implementation of one kind of direct payment for conservation, auctions
for conservation contracts in agri-environment schemes. Many of their observa-
tions are more broadly applicable, however. One of the main issues to consider
when implementing direct payments for conservation is whether to
pay by inputs
or by results
. If you pay by results, then the link to conservation is obvious, but to
people's efforts less so. In the face of external influences such as climate, pollution
