Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.1
Fins freshly cut from thresher and requiem sharks at a landing port
in eastern Taiwan in 2000. In this longline fishery fins are removed in port
because sharks are sold for their meat, however, in many fisheries serving
markets with no demand for shark meat, shark fins are cut on deck and the
remainder of the carcass discarded at sea. Photo
©
Shelley Clarke.
Harvester characteristics—attitudes towards law enforcement in fishing communities
One example of how harvester attitudes shape behaviour is from small fishing
communities in Norway and Canada (Gezelius 2004). Here, there was qualified
acceptance of outside regulation of commercial fishing, and condemnation of
those found breaking the law. Illegal fishing for household consumption was seen
as harmless and acceptable, while illegal commercial fishing by individuals badly
hit by new regulations was felt to be morally ambiguous. Subsistence food fishing
was seen as inappropriate for outside regulation, regardless of its legal status.
Gezelius argues that these moral attitudes are a fundamental component of
Western Christian societies, and may be more widely held.
The commodity chain—the effect of civil conflict on a bushmeat commodity chain
The effect of civil conflict on commodity chains was examined in a study of the
bushmeat trade around the Garamba National Park in the Democratic Republic
of Congo (de Merode and Cowlishaw 2006). Before the conflict, the commodity
chain was controlled by local women. During the conflict, soldiers took over the
bushmeat trade, shortening and simplifying the chain. The volume of bushmeat
traded increased, as they tried to maximise profits. After the conflict, the original
