Information System Development Life Cycle Models - High Level Models and Methodologies for Information Systems - page 32

Finally, this model is often praised for its high degree of client satisfaction and
user-friendliness, reduced error margins and the ability to incorporate solutions to
address the needs of highly mutable requirements. Agile models are client-centric
and advocate

in order to obtain feedback on
what has been accomplished. With the feedback that is received, improvements can
be made that will have positive repercussions on the quality of the end product
(Bhalerao et al. 2009 ).

“ short iterations and small releases ”

2.8 The Prototyping Model

The prototyping model is an iterative framework that is at the center of many of the
more agile approaches to software development, ever since the early 1980s, which
lead to it being described in some studies as a speci c model in itself. In 1997, Carr

and Verner observed that in the past research, the SDLC models that adopted
prototyping were found to be more dynamic and more responsive to client needs, as
well as less risky and more ef

cient. For that reason, they attempted to summarize
prototyping models in one consistent framework.
The prototyping model is based on the idea of creating the entirety or part of a
system in a pilot version, called the prototype. It can be viewed as a process, either
one that is part of the larger SDLC or the central approach that de nes the SDLC in

itself. The goal is ultimately to build in various versions and consistently re ne

those versions until a final product is reached (Carr and Verner 1997 ). The

emphasis is placed on the creation of the software, with less attention to docu-
mentation. It is also a user-centric approach, because user feedback is fundamental
to develop subsequent prototypes and, eventually, the

final product (Sabale and

Dani 2012 ) (Fig. 2.7 ).
A prototyping model essentially entails four different stages. First, user ' s

requirements and needs are analyzed and identi ed. Next, the team will develop a

Fig. 2.7 The prototype
model (adapted from Carr and
Verner 1997 )