Introduction to Information Systems Models and Methodologies - High Level Models and Methodologies for Information Systems - page 15

Fig. 1.6 D&M model of IS success (adapted from DeLone and McLean 2003 )

adapted by the authors to include a more comprehensive perspective of system
quality and a more encompassing concept of organizational impact (described as
net bene ts of the system) (see Fig. 1.6 ).

The authors argued that for a model of IS success to be truly useful, it had to
have as few variables as possible, so as to make it suitable for the great variety of
different realities and systems that exist in practice (DeLone and McLean 2003 ),
and this principle justi

es the model ' s simplicity, which has made it one of the most

popular approaches to IS success in research.

Seddon ( 1997 ) attempted to break down the simple concepts of the D&M model
by offering a slightly different perspective, particularly on the idea of use/user
satisfaction. The subsequent model, named the Seddon model, substituted the
concept of use by that of perceived usefulness, thus introducing expectations as key
variables in the process. Expectations about the net bene

— and scrutinized —

ts of future use of the
system will lead to use of the system (Seddon 1997 ). Use, in itself, is not a measure
of success but a behavior. User satisfaction, on the other hand, is in

uenced by a
great number of factors, including system quality, information quality, perceived
usefulness, individual net bene ts, organizational net bene ts, and societal net

bene ts. Later adjustments of the Seddon model introduced the concepts of group

impact and external impact, to account for the in

uences that the user can be
subjected to from his/her peers or from his/her social context (Kurian et al. 2000 ).
Other authors have equally attempted to build on the D&M model, expanding or
breaking apart some of its essential concepts, particularly user satisfaction.
The 3D model (Ballantine et al. 1996 ) analyzed the concept of IS success as a
three-dimensional construct related to three different stages of IS development:
development, deployment, and delivery. Development pertains to the actual crea-
tion of the system (design, coding, etc.). For the system to be successfully deployed,
it has to cross a barrier called the implementation filter, comprised mainly of factors

relating to the user s expectations, involvement, experience, and possibility of

choice. After the system

'

' is been deployed — used by its users — there is an integra-

tion filter, where factors such as strategy, organizational culture, and organizational

structure will determine the degree to which the system fits in with the existing

organization. Finally, for the system to be successfully delivered, it has to pass the
environmental

filter, where competitor movements and economic and political
contexts exert their in uence (Ballantine et al. 1996 ).