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Drainage Area (km
2
)
FIGURE 5.3
Discharge as a function of area for a large number of watersheds in the United
States. Letters are the abbreviations for the states from which the data were obtained (data
courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey).
used by ecologists when describing basic stream characteristics (Fig. 5.4). In
this method, the smallest streams are assigned first order. Order only in-
creases when two streams of the same order join. Modifications to this
method of stream ordering have been proposed, each with their own bene-
fits and drawbacks (Allan, 1995). The following are some of the practical
Average Discharge of the 15 Largest Rivers of the World
a
TABLE 5.1
Average Annual
Drainage
Length
Discharge
Rank order
Rank order
area (km
2
)
(m
3
s
1
)
Rank
River
Country
(km)
length
drainage area
1
Amazon
Brazil
5,950,000
6597
176,000
3
1
2
Congo
Congo
3,700,000
4586
41,000
8
2
3
Yangtze
China
1,940,000
5744
33,000
5
9
4
Orinoco
Venezuela
980,000
2735
23,000
20
16
5
La Plata
Uruguay
3,110,000
3894
22,000
14
4
6
Brahmaputra
Bangladesh
930,000
2896
20,000
17
19
7
Yenisei
Russia
2,610,000
5937
20,000
4
6
8
Ganges
India
1,000,000
2510
19,000
24
13
9
Mississippi
United States
3,210,000
6693
18,000
2
3
10
Lena
Russia
2,490,000
4312
16,000
10
7
11
Mekong
Indochina
790,000
4248
16,000
11
23
12
Irrawaddy
Burma
430,000
2011
14,000
26
—
13
Ob
Russia
2,450,000
5567
12,000
6
8
14
Tocantins
Brazil
910,000
2639
11,000
21
20
15
Amur
Russia
1,850,000
4344
11,000
9
10
a
After Leopold (1994).
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