Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Wind
Water surface
FIGURE 2.11 Schematic of wind-induced water movement in a lake illustrating the decrease
in movement with depth from the surface. The three-dimensional flow paths are more com-
plex than in this simple diagram and will be discussed in Chapter 6.
10 10
10 8
Large currents,
hydrologic cycle
10 6
10 4
1 year
10 2
Turbulent flow
10 0
1 s
10 -2
Your text
Laminar flow
10 -4
Molecular
movement
10 -6
10 -8
10 -9
10 -7
10 -5
10 -3
10 -1
10 1
10 3
10 5
10 7
Distance (m)
FIGURE 2.12 Schematic showing how water movement is related to spatial and temporal
scales. The x axis ranges from the size of a protein to the size of the earth and the y axis from
the time frame of molecular events to the age of the earth. This figure is not meant to imply
that sharp boundaries exist between the adjacent regions. Rather, the regions should be
viewed as fuzzy overlapping regions. Forces that drive the water movement are discussed in
the text.
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