Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
17
Trophic State and
Eutrophication
Definition of Trophic State
Why Is Nutrient Pollution Resulting in Algal Blooms in Lakes
Important?
Natural and Cultural Processes of Eutrophication
Relationships among Nutrients, Water Clarity, and Phytoplankton:
Managing Eutrophication in Lakes
Mitigating Lake Eutrophication
Control of Nutrient Sources
Treatment in the Lake
Macrophyte Removal
Managing Eutrophication in Streams and Wetlands
Case Studies of Eutrophication
Lake Washington
Lake Trummen
Lake Tahoe
Lake Okeechobee
The Clark Fork River
Eutrophication and Wetlands
Wetlands as Nutrient Sinks
Summary
Questions for Thought
Eutrophication
is the process of an ecosystem becoming more produc-
tive by nutrient enrichment stimulating primary producers. Nutrient input
can be increased by humans
(cultural eutrophication)
or can occur natu-
rally. In this chapter, I describe how
trophic state,
the level of ecosystem
productivity, is defined relative to other systems and consider problems
that may be associated with eutrophication. Next, the linkages among nu-
trient loading, nutrients, algal biomass, water clarity, and fish production
are examined. Finally, methods are described for controlling eutrophication
and several case studies are presented. Given the large economic costs
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