Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 8.12
Growth habit types of aquatic plants (reproduced with permission from
Riemer, 1984).
even be central to lake food webs. Furthermore, much of the diversity of
plants in many terrestrial landscapes is associated with riparian zones or
wetland areas. Aquatic plants can cause nuisance conditions, and many in-
vasive species that cause problems are aquatic or riparian.
Nonvascular Plants
Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) are abundant in some freshwaters.
They have received little study relative to their importance in some systems
but are being more carefully considered (Arscott et al., 1998).
Aquatic mosses can be divided into three orders (Hutchinson, 1975):
the Sphagnales, the Andreales, and the Bryales. The Sphagnales and Bryales
have numerous aquatic representatives, and the Andreales has few. The
Spagnales contains only one genus, Sphagnum .
FIGURE 8.13 Two morphologies of the buttercup Ranunculus polyphyllus growing on land
(A) and submersed (B) (from G. E. Hutchinson, A Treatise on Limnology, Vol. 3, copyright
© 1975. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
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