what-when-how
In Depth Tutorials and Information
Frontal
plane
Sagittal
plane
Transverse
plane
figureā€ƒ1.2 Planes of the foot
Key Concept
'Varus' and 'valgus' describe position of a joint rather than movement
at that joint. A joint in a varus position is inverted and a joint in a
valgus position is everted. For example, a varus knee relates to a
bowed-leg appearance and valgus knee to a knock-kneed
appearance. These terms are sometimes used to describe frontal
plane heel position.
Pronation involves lifting the top surface of the foot up towards the
front of the tibia (dorsiflexion), while at the same time everting and abduct-
ing the foot. In contrast, supination involves plantar flexion of the foot
(dropping the foot away from the front of the tibia) while inverting and
adducting the foot.
Varus and valgus are terms used to describe foot position in the frontal
plane and should not be used to describe foot motion. A varus position
suggests that the joint is in a position of inversion, and valgus that it is in
a position of eversion; however, to describe the position of any joint, you
 
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