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that give the impressions of a large sail, and the moon rising from the waves. Images,
animations and videos can be projected onto the inner surface of sail in the evenings
(Fig. 6), allowing the public to contribute their photos from social media to induce the
feeling of social connectedness [8, 11, 12].
Fig. 6. Moon rising from sea
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Practices in the Design Process
In the design process of above mentioned installations, many design techniques were
found to be useful. These techniques including learning from performance art, card-
board modelling, acting out and video prototyping, not listing them all.
Dynamic art forms and interactive public installations have much in common: both
have a time core to drive the dynamics; both have to manage inside a public space and
the space has to be carefully structured for functions and interactions; both have to
accommodate active or passive participants with different roles and goals. Traditional
dynamic arts have much to offer and it is valuable to explore how the elements and
techniques could contribute to interaction design [13-15].
Installations in public spaces are three dimensional, or if we take time into account
because of the dynamic nature of interaction, four dimensional. Cardboard model-
ling, especially when integrated with advanced mechanical and electronic techniques
and components, is a powerful tool for tangible or rich interaction [16, 17].
When designing for social interaction in public spaces, the interactive nature of the
design requires conceptualizing, visualizing and communicating the dynamics of the
interaction. The integration of design processes and software design processes is often
necessary [18, 19]. The acting-out design approach [20] utilizes the designers body to
simulate the elements and the behavior of the design, providing and communicating
the insights at earlier stages of a design process when a prototype is not yet available.
High-fidelity prototyping of installations in a large scale or for a big or busy public
space is often costly and challenging, if not impossible. Video prototyping allows the
designers to create simulation of the installation and the interaction using simple ma-
terials and equipment [21].
A combination of video prototyping and acting out can be also used in context with
the help of portable projectors: prepared video prototypes are projected onto artifacts
and objects in the real-life context using projection-mapping techniques. This serves
as documentation for evaluation, but also as input for further design iterations.
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