Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
exchange rates, operation of heating and cooling systems, occupant activities,
and interactions of source emissions with sinks. Such studies can be con-
ducted on new unoccupied or existing lived-in houses. More commonly, new
unoccupied houses are used for such evaluations. Full-scale studies are used
to validate IAQ models.
D. IAQ modeling
The ultimate goal of source emissions assessment is to predict the impact of
emissions of individual contaminants on IAQ. Such predictions require the
development and use of single-room, whole-house, and large-building mod-
els. Because of the complexity involved, model development has been lim-
ited to single-room and residential house conditions.
Though models have been developed by USEPA and tested under real-
world conditions, their performance at this time is relatively poor. This is
likely due, in part, to the sink phenomena whose effects on air concentrations
are not well understood. Indoor air quality modeling can best be described
as being in its infancy, requiring considerable continuing research and devel-
opment efforts.
Readings
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Bioaerosols Commit-
tee,
Guidelines for the Assessment of Bioaerosols in the Indoor Environment,
ACGIH,
Cincinnati, 1989.
American Society for Testing and Materials,
Standard Guide for Determination of VOC
Emissions in Environmental Chambers from Materials and Products
, ASTM, Phila-
delphia, 1990.
Cox, C.S. and Wathes, C.M.,
Bioaerosols Handbook
, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995.
Dillon, H.K., Heinsohn, P.A., and Miller, J.D., Eds.,
Field Guide for the Determination
of Biological Contaminants in Environmental Samples
, American Industrial Hygiene
Association, Fairfax, VA., 1996.
Hodgson, A.T., A review and a limited comparison of methods for measuring total
volatile organic compounds in indoor air,
Indoor Air
, 5, 247, 1995.
Maroni, M., Siefert, B., and Lindvall, T.,
Indoor Air Quality: A Comprehensive Reference
Book
, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995, chaps. 23, 24, 26, 27.
McCarthy, J.E., Bearg, D.W., and Spengler, J.D., Assessment of indoor air quality, in
Indoor Air Pollution — A Public Health Perspective
, Samet, J.M. and Spengler, J.D.,
Eds., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1991, 82.
Nagda, N.L. and Harper, J.P., Eds.,
Design and Protocol for Monitoring Indoor Air Quality
,
ASTM STP, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1989.
Spengler, J.D., Samet, J.M., and McCarthy, J.F., Eds.,
Indoor Air Quality Handbook
, Mc-
Graw-Hill Publishers, New York, 2000, chaps. 51, 52, 56, 58.
Thorsen, M.A. and Molhave, L., Elements of a standard protocol for measurements
in the indoor atmospheric environment,
Atmos. Environ
., 21, 1411, 1987.
Tichenor, B.A., Ed.,
Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Related Sink Effects,
ASTM STP 1287, American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1996.
