Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
THMs
Trihalomethanes
TOC
Total organic carbon
UV
Ultraviolet
1 mg L 1
(1 × 1000)/12 = 83 μM C
Problems
(1) Define the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and explain how does it differ
from organic matter?
(2) What are the major sources of DOM in natural waters?
(3) Explain the DOM functions shortly.
(4) Explain the origin of allochthonous DOM in soil and autochthonous DOM in
natural waters.
(5) What are the contributions of humic substances (fulvic and humic acids) in
groundwater, rivers, lakes and oceans?
(6) Explain the redox behavior of fulvic and humic acids.
(7) Define the allochthonous fulvic and humic acids, and the autochthonous ful-
vic acids. What are the chemical differences among these classes of humic
substances?
(8) Why does the molecular size of DOM decrease from rivers to lakes and from
lakes to oceans?
(9) What are the controlling factors that affect the DOM contents in natural
waters? Explain the two most important factors that affect DOM in natural
waters.
(10) Explain the possible mechanisms for the increased or declined DOM con-
tents in surface waters.
(11) What are the emerging contaminants? Explain the sources, transportation
and toxicological effects of these contaminants in the aquatic environments.
(12) How does DOM act as energy source for living organisms and aquatic
ecosystems?
Acknowledgments We are particularly grateful to Dr. Liu Cong-Qiang, Professor and
Academician; Dr. Hu Ruizhong, Professor and Director General; Dr. Wang Shijie, Professor
and Vice-director; Dr. Feng Xin Bin, Professor and Vice Director; Prof. Yun Liu, Prof. Xiao
Tangfu, Dr. Li Xiao-Dong, Dr. Ding Hu of Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences; Mrs. Asma Mostofa and Mrs. Rafia Khatun for their kind assistances, constant support
and inspiration during the preparations of the primary and final draft of the manuscripts. This
work was financially supported by the Institute of Geochemistry, the Chinese Academy of
Sciences, China. This work was partly supported by Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
Northwest Missouri State University, USA; Atmospheric and Ocean Research Institute, The
University of Tokyo, Japan; University of Turin and Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk,
I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Kyoto University, Japan; and Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences, China. This chapter acknowledges Ramirez AJ, Mottaleb MA, Brooks
BW, Chambliss CK, 2007, Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Fish Using Liquid Chromatography-
Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 79 (8), 3155-3163. Copyright (2007)
Americal Chemical Society; reprinted from Journal of Chromatography A, 1216 (5), Mottaleb
MA, Usenko S, O'Donnell JG, Ramirez AJ, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK, Gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV-filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an
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