Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Problems
(1) List the various kinds of Chl found in organisms
(2) Explain shortly the Chl
a
functions.
(3) How does the surface or subsurface Chl
a
maximum (SCM) differ from the
deep Chl
a
maximum (DCM)?
(4) Explain the mechanisms of SCM and DCM formation in the water column.
(5) How does global warming affect SCM or DCM?
(6) Explain the mechanism of Chl
a
degradation
(7) How does Chl act as universal signature of cyanobacteria (algae) or phyto-
plankton biomass?
(8) Explain possible actions for the management of eutrophication by controlling
primary production (Chl
a
).
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Institute of Geochemistry and
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. This
work was also partly supported by the University of Turin and Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk,
I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute and Kyoto University,
Japan; and Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. This
chapter acknowledges the Copyright (2005) by the Japanese Society of Limnology; reprinted
(adapted) with permission from Clarke RH, Connors RE, Schaafsma TJ, Kleibeuker JF, Platenkamp
RJ, The triplet state of chlorophylls. J Am Chem Soc 98(12):3674-3677. Copyright (1976) American
Chemical Society; reprinted from Water Res, 43(18), Zhang Y, van Dijk MA, Liu M, Zhu G, Qin B,
The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
in eutrophic shallow lakes: Field and experimental evidence, 4685-4697, Copyright (2009), with
permission from Elsevier; reprinted from Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Bioenergetics,
1807(8), Hörtensteiner S, Kräutler B, Chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants, 977-988, Copyright
(2011), with permission from Elsevier; reprinted from Mar Chem, 119(1-4), Christodoulou S,
Joux F, Marty J-C, Sempéré R, Rontani J-F, Comparative study of UV and visible light induced
degradation of lipids in non-axenic senescent cells of Emiliania huxleyi, 139-152, Copyright (2010),
with permission from Elsevier; and reprinted from Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 57(1), Ming-Yi S,
Lee C, Aller RC, Laboratory studies of oxic and anoxic degradation of chlorophyll-a in Long Island
Sound sediments, 147-157, Copyright (1993), with permission from Elsevier.
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