Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
ated in Patagonia or in Patagonia + East Antarctica. The tribe as a whole
originated in New Zealand-West Antarctica-southern South America.
Figure 3.5
Part of the cladogram of the tribe Podonomini, with indication of the
areas inhabited by the taxa: AU, Australia; NZ, New Zealand; SA, South America
(modified from Brundin 1981:116).
Despite its aprioristic dispersal approach, phylogenetic biogeography
was the first approach to use an explicit phylogenetic hypothesis (Ball 1976;
Crisci et al. 2000; Humphries and Parenti 1999; Wiley 1981). Wiley (1981)
found it problematic that phylogenetic biogeography followed a single spe-
ciation model, peripheral isolation, and that analyses usually are concerned
with the taxon of interest, freeing the researcher from examining other
groups.
Italian American botanist Léon Croizat (1894-1982) was one of the most
controversial figures in the history of biogeography of the twentieth century.
He challenged not only the dispersalist explanations of the geographic dis-
tribution but also the relevance of natural selection as the preponderant
