Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 2.5
Three main biogeographic processes: dispersal, vicariance, and extinc-
tion.
There are four explanatory models of biogeographic dispersal (Cecca
2002; Heads 2005b; Lieberman 2000; Lieberman and Eldredge 1996;
MacDonald 2003; Miranda-Esquivel et al. 2003; Nelson and Platnick 1981;
Pielou 1992; Ronquist 1997a, 1997b; Upchurch and Hunn 2002):
• Jump dispersal (also known as long-distance dispersal, waif dispersal,
founder effect dispersal, or random dispersal): random movement of
organisms through barriers that allows the successful establishment
of the species in very distant areas. It was the most popular model in
earlier dispersalism, and it has recently received some support to ex-
plain disjunct distributions on widely separated areas that apparently
