Testing Relationships Between Biotic Components - Evolutionary Biogeography - page 219

Software DIVA version 1.2 (Ronquist 1996), which generates ancestral re-
constructions for each node and gives a series of statistics indicating the
frequencies of the different events.
Empirical Applications Bessega et al. (2006), Biondi (1998), Biswas and
Pawar (2006), Braby and Pierce (2007), Brooks and McLennan (2001),
Dávalos (2006), Donato (2006), Donato et al. (2003), Donoghue et al.
(2001), Jansa et al. (2006), Matthee et al. (2004), Miranda-Esquivel (2001),
Mooreetal.(2006),Perretetal.(2006),PosadasandMorrone(2003),Roig-
Juñent (2002, 2004), Ronquist (1997a), Sanmartín (2003), Sanmartín et al.
(2001), Sereno et al. (1998), Voelker (1999), Xiang and Soltis (2001), Yuan
et al. (2005), and Zink et al. (2000).
CASE STUDY 5.9 Historical Biogeography of the Subantarctic Subre-
gion
The Subantarctic subregion includes the Austral Andes, from 37° south latitude to
Cape Horn, also including the archipelago of southern Chile and Argentina and the
Falklands, South Georgia, and Juan Fernandez Islands (Morrone 2001a). Sever-
al authors have indicated the relationships of its biota with the austral continents;
within the Andean region, the Subantarctic subregion is more closely related to
the Central Chilean subregion (Marino et al. 2001; Morrone 2001a; Morrone et al.
1997). Morrone (1994a) undertook a panbiogeographic analysis based on spe-
cies of Rhytirrhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), finding two generalized tracks
thatsharetheirfirstportionintheSubantarcticandCentralChileansubregions.He
postulated that the austral biota originally was restricted to the southern portion of
the Andean region and later it dispersed, occupying the rest of the Andean region.
Posadas and Morrone (2003) carried out a cladistic biogeographic analysis of the
Subantarctic subregion based on taxa of the family Curculionidae (Coleoptera).
Areas of endemism analyzed ( fig. 5.21a ) were the Maule, Valdivian Forest,
Magellanic Forest, Magellanic Moorland, and Falkland Islands provinces, as well
as the Central Chilean subregion. The taxa analyzed were six weevil genera
( Alastoropolus, Aegorhinus, Puranius, Germainiellus, Antarctobius, and
Rhyephenes ) and the Falklandius generic group, with a total of sixty-nine species.
Methods applied were tree reconciliation analysis, with Component version 2.0
(Page 1993a); BPA, with Hennig86 version 1.5 (Farris 1988); and dispers-
al-vicariance analysis, with DIVA version 1.0 (Ronquist 1996).
The tree reconciliation analysis, minimizing duplications, losses, and both sim-
ultaneously, gave a single general area cladogram ( fig. 5.21b ), which shows the
Central Chilean subregion as the sister area to the two northern Subantarctic
provinces (Maule and Valdivian Forest). This group is the sister group to the three