Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
ject “biogeograph*” in recent years in the Science Citation Index (ISI Web of
Science,
http://www.isinet.com/isi/
)
.
Figure 2.1
Interdisciplinary situation of biogeography, at the intersection of 6 differ-
ent disciplines.
In the past two centuries several general approaches and theories have
been developed in biogeography. Some of them are regional biogeography
(De Candolle 1820; Sclater 1858), dispersalism (Axelrod 1963; Darwin
1859; Matthew 1915; Mayr 1946; Simpson 1965; Wallace 1876), chorology
(Haeckel 1868), phylogenetic biogeography (Brundin 1966; Hennig 1950),
paleobiogeography (Hallam 1973; Simpson 1953), panbiogeography (Craw
et al. 1999; Croizat 1958b, 1964), island biogeography (Carlquist 1974;
MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Whittaker 1998), vicariance biogeography
(Croizat et al. 1974), Pleistocene refugia (Haffer 1969), dynamic biogeo-
graphy (Hengeveld 1990; Udvardy 1969), geographic ecology (MacArthur
1972), areography (Rapoport 1975), quantitative biogeography (Crovello
1981), cladistic biogeography (Humphries and Parenti 1999; Nelson and
Platnick 1981), systematic biogeography (Morain 1984), evolutionary
biogeography (Blondel 1986; Ridley 1996), analytical biogeography (Myers
and Giller 1988a), balanced biogeography (Haydon et al. 1994), intraspe-
cific phylogeography (Avise 2000; Avise et al. 1987), macroecology (Brown
1995), comparative phylogeography (Bermingham and Moritz 1998), ap-
