Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
demic species of the area are related to species from clades in the Central Andes,
whereas only species of
Andesianellus
belong to clades of the Northern Andes.
References
Berry, P. E. 1982. The systematics and evolution of
Fuchsia
sect.
Fuchsia
(Ona-
graceae).
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
69:1-198.
Farris, J. S. 1988.
Hennig86 reference.
Version 1.5. Port Jefferson, N.Y.: Author.
Morrone, J. J. 1994. Distributional patterns of species of Rhytirrhinini (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) and the historical relationships of the Andean provinces.
Global
Ecology and Biogeography Letters
4:188-194.
Morrone, J. J. 1996. The biogeographical Andean subregion: A proposal exemplified
by Arthropod taxa (Arachnida, Crustacea, and Hexapoda).
Neotropica
42:103-114.
Morrone, J. J. and E. Urtubey. 1997. Historical biogeography of the northern Andes: A
cladistic analysis based on five genera of Rhytirrhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionid-
ae) and
Barnadesia
(Asteraceae).
Biogeographica
73:115-121.
Nelson, G. and P. Y. Ladiges. 1995.
TASS.
New York: Authors.
The Malesian Archipelago has been of interest to biogeographers since the nine-
teenth century, when Wallace recognized a biotic discontinuity between the Indo-
Malayan and Australian vertebrate faunas. What became known as Wallace's line
separates the islands of Bali and Lombock from Borneo and Sulawesi and runs
to the southeast of the Philippines. Subsequent to Wallace, other authors pro-
posed other lines to separate the Australian and Oriental biotas. The region where
these lines are located is known as Wallacea. Brown et al. (2006) analyzed the
evolutionary history of section
Vireya
of the plant genus
Rhododendron
from the
Malesian Archipelago in order to elucidate the historical relationships of the areas
of endemism inhabited by its species.
The authors analyzed a molecular phylogeny of
Rhododendron
section
Vireya
based on parsimony and Bayesian analyses of cpDNA sequences. Twenty areas
of endemism throughout the Malesian Archipelago and neighboring regions (
fig.
5.20a
) were identified on the basis of geological information, previous biogeo-
graphic studies of the region, and distributional maps of the species analyzed.
Brown et al. (2006) identified paralogy-free subtrees in the taxon-area cladogram
andcodedthemascharactersforparsimonyanalysiswithHennig86(Farris1988),
with missing areas coded as question marks. Rather than compute the consensus
cladogram, the authors presented the minimal tree (the shortest tree with the least
resolution).
