Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
On the basis of these results, Morrone et al. (1997) concluded that the four
areas of Central Chile do not constitute a natural or monophyletic group because
Curicó and Ñuble are cladistically more closely related to the Subantarctic sub-
region than to Coquimbo and Santiago. Consequently, the authors circumscribed
the Central Chilean subregion to the northern sector (Coquimbo and Santiago,
30°-34°) and assigned the southern areas (Curicó and Ñuble, south of 34°5´) to
the Subantarctic subregion.
References
Farris, J. S. 1988.
Hennig86 reference.
Version 1.5. Port Jefferson, N.Y.: Author.
Morrone, J. J., L. Katinas, and J. V. Crisci. 1997. A cladistic biogeographic analysis of
Central Chile.
Journal of Comparative Biology
2:25-42.
Nelson, G. and P. Y. Ladiges. 1991.
TAS
(MSDos computer program). New York:
Authors.
Nelson, G. and P. Y. Ladiges. 1995.
TASS.
New York: Authors.
Page, R. D. M. 1989.
Component user's manual.
Release 1.5. Auckland: Author.
BPA was proposed by Wiley (1987, 1988a, 1988b) and posteriorly modified
by Brooks (1990). It is based on the ideas developed initially by Brooks
(1981, 1985) for historical ecology. It is a parsimony analysis of taxon-area
cladograms that are codified as two-state variables and analyzed as char-
acters (Biondi 1998; Brooks 2004; van Veller et al. 2000; Vargas 1992b).
In order to apply BPA, a data matrix is constructed on the basis of tax-
Brooks (1990) and Brooks and McLennan (1991) proposed another strategy
fordealingwithparallelisms(dispersalevents)thatrepresentfalsifications of
the null hypothesis. It is named secondary BPA and consists of duplicating
the involved area and dealing with each of the resulting areas separately.
The analysis of the data matrix allows one to determine whether it was really
a unique area or whether they were different areas incorrectly treated as a
single one (Lomolino et al. 2006).
