Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 5.7
Component analysis.
Left column,
taxon-area cladograms with a wide-
spread taxon, a taxon with a redundant distribution, and a taxon with a missing area.
Right column,
resolved area cladograms showing the results of the intersection of
the three sets of resolved area cladograms. AF, Africa; AUS, Australia; NA, North
America; SA, South America.
Algorithm
The algorithm consists of the following steps (Biswas and Pawar
2006; Humphries and Parenti 1999; Morrone 1997; Nelson and Platnick
1981; Page 1990a):
1. Obtain the taxonomic cladograms of the taxa distributed in the areas ana-
lyzed.
2. Replace the terminal taxa from the taxonomic cladograms with the areas
inhabited by them to obtain taxon-area cladograms.
3. Derive resolved area cladograms from each taxon-area cladogram, apply-
ing assumptions 0, 1, or 2.
4. Intersect the sets of resolved area cladograms obtained for each tax-
on-area cladogram in order to find the general area cladogram. If no gen-
eral area cladogram results from the intersection, check whether an area
cladogram is shared by at least some of the sets. If more than one general
area cladogram is obtained, build a consensus cladogram.
Software
Component version 1.5 (Page 1989b), which constructs sets of
resolved area cladograms from taxon-area cladograms under assumptions
0, 1, or 2 (option BUILD) and then determines their intersection (option
SHARED TREES). The procedure described by Enghoff (1996) can be ap-
plied with Component version 2.0 (Page 1993a).
Empirical Applications
Amorim and Tozoni (1994), Andersen (1991), Bre-
mer (1993), Carpenter (1993), Cracraft (1982, 1988), Cracraft and Prum
(1988), Crisci et al. (1991b), Enghoff (1995), Flores Villela and Goyenechea
(2001), Humphries (1981), Humphries and Parenti (1986), Humphries et al.
(1988), Morrone (1993a, 1993c), Morrone and Carpenter (1994), Morrone et
al. (1997), Noonan (1988), Page (1988, 1989a), Platnick (1981), Rauchen-
berger (1988), Roig-Juñent (1994), Roig-Juñent and Flores (2001), Seberg
(1991), van Veller et al. (2000), Wallace et al. (1991), and Weston and Crisp
(1994).
