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powered by 176m
2
of VTCs at
T
h
95/88
◦
C,
T
c
29/35
◦
C and
T
o
22/16
◦
C. A 5.0m
3
cold water storage tank was also installed as a buffer (Ohn, 1995; Karbach
et al
.,
1997; Karbach 1998).
The office building of the Ott & Spieß company in Langenau, Germany (started in
1998), is equipped with a 35 kWACMwhich is driven by 30m
2
of VTCs. A 2.0m
2
hot
water storage tank and a 1.0m
3
cold water buffer tank are also installed. The operating
parameters are
T
h
76/71
◦
C,
T
c
24/29
◦
C and
T
o
17/13
◦
C at a COP of 0.73 (Moßle,
2000; Henning, 2001).
Two further projects are located in Berlin, Germany, each with two solar-assisted
ACMs (2000). In the administrative building of the German Federal Information Min-
istry (BPA) there are two 44 kWWFC-10ACMs installedwith a COP of 0.73, powered
by 230m
2
of VTCs and 1.6m
3
hot water storage tanks with the operating parameters
T
h
88/82
◦
C,
T
c
26/32
◦
C and
T
o
16/10
◦
C. The second administrative building is the
German Federal Ministry of Traffic, Building and Housing (BMVBW). Here there
are also two solar-assisted, single effect WFC-10 ACMs installed, each with a 42 kW
cooling capacity and a COP of 0.73. The solar heat is produced by 210m
2
of high-
performance flat plate collectors (FPCs) and stored in 6.0m
3
hot water storage tanks.
There is also a 0.5m
3
cold water storage tank for the chilled water. The operating
parameters are
T
h
88/82
◦
C,
T
c
27/35
◦
C and
T
o
18/12
◦
C (Albers, 2002).
The M
W Zander Holding AG company built an office and production building
in Weilimdorf, Germany, and installed a single effect ACM with a nominal cooling
capacity of 650 kW and 360m
2
of VTCs for a solar-assisted cooling systemwhich has
been in operating since 2000. The operating temperature ranges are for
T
h
from 65 to
95
◦
C, for
T
c
from 22/27 to 27/32
◦
C and for
T
o
from 12/8 to 21/15
◦
C (Wolkenhauer
and Albers, 2001).
Further commercial applications since 2001 include the Hotel Rethymno Village
in Greece where a 105 kW H
2
O/LiBR ACM is installed with 500m
2
of FPCs and
also seven hot water storage tanks with a total of 10.0m
3
used for solar heating. An
additional project is the Hotel Olympic II in Greece where a 105 kW ACM has also
been running since 2001. There are 450m
2
of FPCs and five hot water storage tanks
with a total of 5.0m
3
installed (Balares, 2003).
In Spain the office building of the Viessmann company in Madrid has a single effect
Yazaki WFC-30 ACM with 105 kW cooling capacity and 105 m
2
of FPCs. There are
no published operational results yet. A further project is a reconstructed office building
(EAR Tower) in Pristina, Kosovo, where two WFC-10 ACMs each producing 45 kW
of cooling capacity have been in operation since 2003. They are solar driven by 227m
2
of FPCs at operating temperatures of
T
h
87/77
◦
C,
T
c
25/31
◦
C and
T
o
13.5/8.5
◦
C and
a COP of 0.7. A 4.0m
3
hot water and a 1.0 m
3
cold water storage tank are used (Holter
and Mei
ner, 2003).
The project in an office building at Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, with a 30 kWACMand
61.2m
2
of VTCs has also been in operation since 2003. The heating input temperature
T
h
is 85
◦
/95
◦
C at a cooling input temperature
T
c
of 24
◦
C and
T
o
of 12/7
◦
C at a COP of
+
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