Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
would for avoiding malaria. Use DEET-based insect repellents. Excellent clothing treat-
ments are also available; mosquitoes that land on treated clothing will die.
Bee and wasp stings cause real problems only to those who have a severe allergy to the
stings (anaphylaxis). If you are one of these people, carry an 'epipen' (an adrenaline (epi-
nephrine) injection), which you can give yourself. This could save your life.
Sandflies are found in some areas. They usually only cause a nasty, itchy bite, but they
can carry a rare skin disorder called cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevention of bites with
DEET-based repellents is sensible.
Bed bugs are often found in hostels and cheap hotels. They lead to very itchy, lumpy
bites. Spraying the mattress with crawling-insect killer after changing bedding will get rid
of them.
Scabies is also frequently found in cheap accommodation. These tiny mites live in the
skin, particularly between the fingers. They cause an intensely itchy rash. The itch is eas-
ily treated with malathion and permethrin lotion from a pharmacy; other members of the
household also need treating to avoid spreading scabies, even if they do not show any
symptoms.
Snake & Scorpion Bites
Don't walk barefoot, or stick your hand into holes or cracks. However, 50% of people bit-
ten by venomous snakes are not actually injected with poison (envenomed). If bitten by a
snake, don't panic. Immobilise the bitten limb with a splint (such as a stick) and apply a
bandage over the site, with firm pressure (similar to bandaging a sprain). Do not apply a
tourniquet, or cut or suck the bite. Get medical help as soon as possible so antivenene can
be given if needed.
Scorpions are frequently found in arid areas. They can cause a painful bite that is some-
times life-threatening. If bitten, take a painkiller. Seek medical treatment if collapse oc-
curs.
Traditional Medicine
At least 80% of the African population relies on traditional medicine, often because con-
ventional Western-style medicine is too expensive, because of prevailing cultural attitudes
and beliefs, or simply because in some cases it works. Although some African remedies
seem to work on malaria, sickle cell anaemia, high blood pressure and some AIDS symp-
toms, most African healers learn their art by apprenticeship, so education is inconsistent
and unregulated.