Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17.2
Genetic gain experiments in wheat.
Grain Yield Gain
(kg ha
−1
yr
−1
)
Biomass
Yield
Reference
Country
Period
HI
K m
−2
K spk
−1
Spk m
−2
K wt.
Vol. wt.
Head
Ht
Environment
++
−
Acreche et al. (2008)
Spain
1940-2004
0-55
0
0
Protected
0-1.5%
Brancourt-Hulmel et al.
(2003)
France
1946-1992
36-63
0
++
0
0
0
−
Varied N and
fungicide levels
0.6-0.9%
Calderini et al. (1995)
Argentina
1920-1990
50
0
++ +
0
−
(old)
−
High input, protected
1.0%
+
(new)
Cox et al. (1988)
US
1919-1987
0-31
0
+
+
+
−
Great Plains winter,
natural
0.7-1.4%
De Vita et al. (2007)
Italy, durum 1900-1990
16-25
0
++ + +
0
−
−
Varied N level
Donmez et al. (2001)
US
1873-1995
12
+
(new)
++ +
0
0
0
−
Great Plains winter,
natural
0.44%
Giunta et al. (2007)
Italy, durum 1900-1999
22-29
0
++ + +
0
−
−
Varied N level and
planting date
Guarda et al. (2004)
Italy
1900-1994
19-43
++
−
− −
Varied N level
+
+
+
−
Rodrigues et al. (2007)
Brazil
1940-1992
45
+
(new)
0
0
High input, protected
1.5%
Sankaran et al. (2000)
India
1965-1990
0-35
+
+
Planting dates
0-1.3%
Sayre et al. (1997)
Mexico
1962-1988
67
0
++
0
0
0
+
0
0
High input, protected
0.9%
Shearman et al. (2005)
UK
1972-1995
119
+
(new)
++
+
0
0
High input, protected
1.2%
Slafer and Andrade (1993)
Argentina
1920-1980
0
+
+
+
−
0
High input, protected
Underdahl et al. (2008)
US
1968-2006
15-60
0
0
0
+
+
0
Great Plains spring,
0.6-2.5%
Waddington et al. (1986)
Mexico
1950-1982
59
+
(new)
0
+
+
0
−
0
High input, protected
1.1%
White and Wilson (2006)
Ireland
1977-1991
37
+
(new)
0
High input, protected
0.6%
Zhou et al. (2007a)
China
1960-2000
32-72
0
+
0
0
0
0
−
−
Northern winter,
protected
0.5-1.2%
Zhou et al. (2007b)
China
1949-2000
14-41
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
−
Southern spring,
protected
0.3-0.7%
Grain yield gains are given in kilograms per hectare per year (kg ha
−1
yr
−1
) and percent per year. Aboveground biomass yield, harvest index (HI), kernels per square meter (K m
−2
),
K per spike (K spk
−1
), K weight (K wt.), volume weight (Vol. wt.), days to heading (Head), and plant height (Ht) either increased (
+
), decreased (
−
), or was not associated (0) with
