Platinum Group Elements in the Environment: Emissions and Exposure - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 118

particulate
form

dissolved
form

Pt

809

402

150

150

125

100

75

50 0 km mileage

25

30000 km mileage

0

PT(C1) # PT(C2) # PT/PD/RH PD/RH

particulate
form

dissolved
form

Pd

256

243

214

73.5

70

60

50

40

30

0 km mileage

20

10

30000 km mileage

0

PT(C1) # PT(C2) # PT/PD/RH PD/RH

particulate
form

dissolved
form

Rh

181

79.9

63.3

50

40

30

20

0 km mileage

10

0 30000 km mileage

PT(C1) # PT(C2) #

PT/PD/RH PD/RH

Fig. 2 Physical speciation of platinum group elements (PGEs) appearing in the exhaust gas from
cars equipped with different types of catalytic converters. Data from new (0 km) and aged (30,000
km) engines are compared (Ravindra et al. 2004) # c1 and c2 are catalytic converters manufactured
by the same producer (Palacios et al. 2000a, b)