Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.2
Comparison of the composition, properties, applications and functions
of acrylic bone cements versus calcium phosphate bone cements
Acrylic bone cements
Calcium phosphate bone
cements
Material type
Polymer
Ceramic
Liquid phase
Mainly methyl methacrylate
Water or aqueous solutions
Powder component
Polymer beads (PMMA/
Calcium phosphate
copolymers). Some inorganic
powders
filler can be added as
radiopacifier
Setting reaction
Polymerization
Dissolution and
mechanism
precipitation reaction
Reaction products
Mainly polymethyl
Calcium phosphates,
methacrylate
usually hydroxyapatite
or brushite
Exothermic peak
50-90°C
37°C
temperature during
setting (ISO
standard 5833)
Stability
Non-resorbable
Resorbable (low or high
resorption rate depending
on composition and
microstructure)
Biocompatibility
Acceptable although some
Excellent
drawbacks are high exothermy
during setting and monomer
toxicity
Bioactivity
Non-bioactive
Bioactive
Applications
Moderate load-bearing
Bone regeneration.
applications: arthroplasty
Non-load-bearing
fixation, vertebroplasty
applications
Function
Primary fixation of the metallic Cavity filling and
components and even load
enhancement of
distribution ('fill and fit')
bone regeneration
apatitic CPCs were introduced in the market in the 1990s and subsequently
brushite cements were also commercialized. They are used for different
bone regeneration applications, such as (a) maxillofacial and craniofacial
reconstruction (cranioplasty, cranial recontouring, cranial flap augmentation,
augmentation genioplasty, on-lay grafting, skull base defect repair),
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(b)
treatment of several fracture defects, such as distal radius, proximal and distal
tibia, calcaneus, proximal and distal femur, proximal humerus, acetabulum,
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(c) treatment of surgically or traumatically created osseous defects, filling
