Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
these types came to a near halt. It was extended just in
time, but has expired three times, in
,
, and
,
and each time new renewable plant
construction
nosedived.
Total subsidies excluding R&D related to electricity
amounted to about
]. What sur-
prised me was that the largest went to biofuels (
$
billion in
[
$
.
billion) followed by wind (
billion). There are still
more subsidies not included in the total. The Inter-
national Monetary Fund estimates that total world sub-
sidies in the energy area amount to about
$
.
$
.
trillion
[
].
The industrialized nations of the world can take the
lead in controlling emissions both by cutting their own
and by developing the technology for all to use. Cost-
effective winners are desired, and deciding on cost effect-
iveness requires knowing what the costs really are. I have
made only a beginning at removing the mask. What
technology will bring
years from now is unknown,
but we should be starting with the winners in
Table
.
.
