Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
mpg with the
% population increase expected by
reduces gasoline consumption by roughly
% for
ordinary vehicles compared with today
'
s population with
today
s vehicles, and the reductions are even greater with
PHEVs. A
'
% reduction in gasoline use by the light-
vehicle
% reduction in TPES. Investing
more in advanced battery technology would be a winner
for plug-in and all-electric vehicles.
China and India are growing richer and with their
increase in wealth will come more cars. Ef
fleet gives a
cient ones
that run on low-emission electricity are important.
Europe and Japan already have much more ef
cient trans-
portation than the United States, and the hope is that
developing nations can emulate their programs.
Continued large investment in hydrogen demonstra-
tion projects is a loser. Hydrogen fuel cells are too ineffi-
-
cient and expensive for general deployment and need to
go back to the laboratory to improve ef
ciency and
lower costs.
The building sector is more complicated than transpor-
tation because of the fragmentation of the industry. It has
many small producers, and is regulated in the United
States by
separate states, most of which have not set
any energy standards for buildings. In the EU there are
countries each with its own building codes. Better
building codes, more stringent appliance standards, and
cost-effective retro
t technologies for existing buildings
are needed. Energy savings of
% or more can be
achieved in the buildings sector corresponding to another
% of TPES. New buildings can do much better. (Don
'
t
double count here. About
% of the energy use in
buildings is electricity, so if we decarbonize electricity
