Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Winners
Losers
Maybes
Ef
ciency in all sectors (if you don
'
t
Coal (without carbon capture and
storage or without pollution controls)
Oil for transportation (replaced with
electric drive)
Corn ethanol
Hydrogen for transportation
Ocean systems (much money has
been spent with insigni
Enhanced geothermal (deep mining
for heat)
Solar thermal electric (needs cost
reduction)
Solar photovoltaic (large subsidies
needed, so only for the rich now)
Advanced biofuels
New technologies not yet invented
(remember it is hard to predict the
future because it hasn
it emit)
Coal (with carbon capture and
storage and pollution controls)
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
use it, it doesn
'
(near-surface systems)
Nuclear
Natural gas (as a replacement for
coal)
Solar heat and hot water
Sugarcane ethanol
Solar photovoltaic (at present for
off-grid applications only)
Wind (as long as it is not too large a
fraction of total electricity)
Advanced batteries (for plug-in
hybrid or all-electric vehicles)
cant results
'
t happened yet)
