Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
Developing
30,000
20,000
Reforming
Industrialized
10,000
0
1990
2010
2030
2050
2070
2100
Year
(high growth). IIASA projections show that energy demand in the
twenty-
fig. 6.2
IIASA projection of future energy-demand scenario A
rst century is dominated by the growth of the developing
nations. (Source: International Institute of Applied Systems
Analysis and World Energy Council Global Energy Perspectives
long-range projection; choose different assumptions here:
energy demand doubles by the year
and nearly
.
Most of the growth
occurs in the developing countries. Around the year
doubles again by the year
the developing world will overtake the industrialized
world in total energy consumption. China overtook the
Primary energy is the total energy content of the fuel used directly and to
make other forms of energy. For example, a typical electric power plant
is about
cient. The primary energy used to make the
electricity is two and a half to three times larger than the energy content
of the electricity. While using electricity emits no greenhouse gas,
making electricity certainly does. Similarly, gasoline re
%to
%ef
ned from oil has
only about
% of the energy content of the primary oil, and in
determining emissions the
% lost in making liquid fuels has to be
counted too.
