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13
Passive Brain - Computer Interfaces
Laurent George and Anatole L
cuyer
Ă©
Abstract
Passive brain
computer interfaces (passive BCI), also named implicit BCI,
provide information from user mental activity to a computerized application
without the need for the user to control his brain activity. Passive BCI seem
particularly relevant in the context of music creation where they can provide
novel information to adapt the music creation process (e.g., user mental
concentration state to adapt the music tempo). In this chapter, we present an
overview of the use of passive BCI in different contexts. We describe how
passive BCI are used and the commonly employed signal processing schemes.
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13.1
Introduction
In traditional brain - computer interfaces (BCI), called active BCI , the user delib-
erately tries to control his/her brain activity in order to send desired commands to
the applications. One limitation of this approach for the design of BCI systems that
are not targeted for special or medical scenarios is its relatively low performance
compared to other control devices such as a keyboard. Indeed, BCI systems usually
provide an information transfer rate below 25 bits/min (Wolpaw et al. 2002 ).
The recent passive BCI approach is less affected by this transfer rate limitation as
it does not require a high bit rate (Coffey et al. 2010 ). Indeed, passive BCI do not
try to replace traditional motor inputs but act as a complementary input providing
 
 
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