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motion between views
{
B
}
and
{
C
}
is the same as the 3D motion between views
{
}
{
}
A
and
C
.
}
are collocated. That is, when t = 0, the differential of the mapping defined by (8.1)
is degenerate. Indeed, in this case the normal to the plane n is not observable. The
singularity of the parametrization does not affect the validity of the correspondence
H ≡
{
}
{
Remark 8.1. The local parametrization given by (8.1) is singular when
A
and
B
SL (3), however, it does mean that the parametrization (8.1) is very poorly con-
ditioned for homography matrices close to SO (3). This is fundamental reasons why
it is preferable to do both image based visual servo control and temporal smooth-
ing directly on the homography group rather than extracting structure variables
explicitly.
The Lie algebra
sl
(3) for SL (3) is the set of matrices with trace equal to zero:
sl
(3)=
3
×
3
{
X
R
|
tr( X )=0
}
. The adjoint operator is a mapping Ad : SL (3)
× sl
(3)
sl
(3) defined by
Ad H X = HXH 1
,
H
SL (3)
,
X
sl
(3)
.
3
×
3 the Euclidean matrix inner product and Frobenius
For any two matrices A
,
B
R
norm are defined as
=
= tr( A T B )
A
,
B
, ||
A
||
A
,
A
.
3
×
3
Let
P
denote the unique orthogonal projection of
R
onto
sl
(3) with respect to
·,·
the inner product
,
( H ) := H
I
tr( H )
3
P
sl
.
(3)
(8.2)
3
×
3 )is
The projection onto the complementary subspace (the span of I in
R
defined by
( H )= tr( H )
3
P ( H ) := H
P
I
.
(8.3)
, P ( H )
Clearly one has
P
( H )
= 0.
8.3
Nonlinear Observer on SL (3)
Consider the left invariant kinematics defined on SL (3)
H = HA
(8.4)
where H
(3). A general framework for nonlinear filtering on the
special linear group is introduced. The theory is developed for the case where A
is assumed to be unknown and constant. The goal is to provide a set of dynamics
for an estimate
SL (3) and A
sl
H ( t )
SL (3) of H ( t ) and an estimate A ( t )
sl
(3) of A to drive
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