Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
structures as selective sites and the development of multi-parametrical and multi-
functional biosensors are considered as further perspective of the creation of
the instrumental analytical devices of new generation. h e very important role
belongs to the use of nano-structured materials, nano-particles and nano-tubes in
form of new perspective transducers.
Keywords:
Biosensors, transducers, selective sites, types, diagnostics, biochemi-
cal quantities, determination
13.1 Introduction
Laboratory diagnostics as part of the clinical biochemistry is based on
the qualitative and quantitative determination of a number of biochemi-
cal parameters in biological l uids. h e i eld of its activity includes exam-
ining the nature of the changes of biochemical quantities at a number of
physiological and pathological conditions and the development of meth-
ods for their determination. Among recent widespread methods based
on the modern instrumental electronic devices the biosensors are known
very well already. Today, these devices are used in the clinical diagnos-
tics to determine such important parameters as glucose, cholesterol, urea,
sodium, potassium, calcium, certain immune components and etc.
13.2
General Approaches for the Development of
Optical Immune Biosensors
h is portion, considers aspects of the application of the biosensor based
on the i ber optics and realized principles of chemiluminescence (ChL),
l uorescence, non-emitting energy transfer and “evenescens” wave as well
as uses of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and nano-structured porous
silicin.
13.2.1
Fiber Optic Immune Biosensors for Diagnostics
Currently, the immunochemical analysis with the label in form of enzyme,
chemo-, bioluminescent or l uorescent substances is widely used. No
doubt, further progress in this i eld of medicine will be made by the devel-
opment of the immune biosensors providing analysis of an even higher
sensitivity, expressive, simplicity, used inexpensive equipment and requir-
ing minimal sample pretreatment.
