Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.1
(
Cont.
)
Metal nanoparticles
Applications
Medical devices
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Silver
Platinum
Cancer therapy
Cancer therapy
Antiviral
Antibacterial
Selenium
various polymer materials, physiochemical and biological properties of
such obtained systems as well as about their application as medical devices.
10.2 Platinum Nanoparticles
Platinum-based therapeutic agents are widely used in medicine [11-20].
Platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) have been reported to possess anti-
oxidant and anti-tumor activities. Platinum complexes, such as cisplatin,
have been used for a decades to treat a number of maladies (any disorder
or disease of the body, especially one that is chronic or deepseated) [11].
However, the use of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in medicine is still in
its nascent state [21]. Various approaches for making nanoparticles have
been proposed in the literature (Figure 10.2). h e most common method
for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles is by chemical reduction of
metal salts, chief among these reduction agents are ethylene glycol and
sodium borohydride [22, 23]. For example, Guo
et al.
synthesised PtNPs
using borohydride as the reducing agent and citric acid as a stabilizer [24].
By varying the ratio of citric acid to the metal salt, they were able to form
PtNPs ranging in size [24]. h e morphology of PtNPs can be controlled
by the precursor reduction conditions while employing supercritical l uid
reactive deposition [25]. Herricks et al have described a scheme to gener-
ate PtNPs with various size and shape [22]. In this method, polyethylene
glycol serves as the reduction agent and solvent. Further modii cation of
structure was obtained by changing the NaNO
3
/Pt ratio [22]. Additionally,
platinum nanoparticles exhibit morphology (size and shape) dependent
catalytic properties [26]. Other agents such as poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
have been used in conjunction with NaBH4 reduction of H
2
PtCl
6
6H
2
O
