Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
good catalytic behaviour ,high electrochemical stability, abundance in
nature and simplicity [26]. Additionally, nickel ferrite crystallizes as a
spinal structure and exhibits turn able conducting behaviour. Because of
their large surface to volume ratio, high surface reaction activity, invigi-
lating properties, high catalytic ei ciency and strong adsorption abil-
ity, nano nickel ferrites can perhaps be utilized ei ciently for biosensor
applications as such [27, 28].
7.5.3
Enzymes in Health Sciences
In the present era, enzymes are synchronously used to diagnose and to
treat various diseases. Enzymology is a chief essential requirement of the
day to day life of modern clinicians and surgeon. h e diagnostic value
of certain specii c enzymes arises from their dif erential distribution
and distinction between cells of other tissues and the blood plasma. For
examples plasma contain the enzymes involved in blood coagulation, very
exclusively. On the other hand, many other enzymes required for the pro-
cess are present in much higher concentrations in the tissue cells, than in
the blood. h ese are realised, combined and immobilised into the blood
and various biological l uids only when there is routine destruction and
verii cation of the cells. h eir normal levels in plasma are insignii cant,
approximately being more than one million times lower than their con-
centration in the desired cells. In case of cell destruction or injury inl u-
ence by such cases as a damaged heart or uncontrolled growth of cancer
cells, tumour, damage tissue, the plasma levels of these cellular enzymes
are elevated signii cantly. h ese changes and verii cation in plasma con-
centration of particular enzymes are estimated and enhanced by the clini-
cians or surgeon, and are used not only to detect damaged cell but also
to suggest the site of cell damage and tissue repair. A clue to the extent
of cellular damage is given degree of elevation of plasma concentrations
of these enzymes. h ese enzyme assays have become a critical diagnostic
tool, scientii c technique in the detection of pancreas, heart, liver, skeletal
muscles, bone and malignant diseases. In Table 7.1 a list of some enzymes,
clinical assay of which are used for detecting particular diseased states,
cell damage or tissue repairs are given as such.
Hence it has been found that enzymes have a diagnostic value and
importance in the i eld of medical science. Numerous of enzyme assays
have been employed for coni rming, locating even indicating the sever-
ity of the diseases in human being. Enzymes are used specii c reagents
in the laboratory and are basically used treating various conditions of
diseases.
